Denial code guide

Every denial code, and whether it's worth fighting.

A plain-language reference to the CARC codes you see on US remittances — what each one means, why it fires, and an honest read on the appeal odds. Some are winnable. Some are a correction. Some are simply the patient's cost share — and we say which is which.

How we read the odds

Every code carries an honest read on how an appeal actually tends to go — so a credit goes toward the denials worth fighting, and not a coding fix or the patient's own cost share.

Often worth appealingSometimes worth appealingRarely an appeal — usually a fixNot an appeal

Medical necessity

Authorization

Bundling & coding

Coding

Utilization

Allowed amount

Benefit

CO-204Sometimes worth appealing

Service/equipment/drug not covered under the patient's current benefit plan.

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CO-96Sometimes worth appealing

Non-covered charge under the patient's plan.

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CO-119Sometimes worth appealing

A benefit maximum for this service has been reached.

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PR-204Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

Service not covered under the patient's current benefit plan.

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CO-55Often worth appealing

The payer classes the service as experimental or investigational.

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CO-114Often worth appealing

The payer says the item lacks FDA approval for this use.

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CO-188Often worth appealing

Coverage is limited to the FDA-recommended use.

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CO-49Often worth appealing

The service was treated as a routine exam or screening.

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CO-51Often worth appealing

Care excluded as related to a pre-existing condition.

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CO-160Often worth appealing

The service falls under a written benefit exclusion.

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CO-202Often worth appealing

The item was classed as personal comfort or convenience.

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CO-256Sometimes worth appealing

The service is not payable under the managed care arrangement.

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CO-35Often worth appealing

A lifetime benefit maximum has been reached.

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CO-149Often worth appealing

A lifetime maximum for this benefit category has been reached.

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PR-96Sometimes worth appealing

A non-covered charge, assigned to the patient.

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Eligibility

Coordination of benefits

Administrative

CO-16Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

Claim lacks information or has a submission/billing error.

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CO-18Sometimes worth appealing

Exact duplicate claim or service.

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CO-29Sometimes worth appealing

The time limit for filing this claim has expired.

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CO-140Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

Patient/insured health ID number and name don't match.

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CO-252Sometimes worth appealing

An attachment or additional documentation is required.

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CO-13Sometimes worth appealing

The payer's record shows a date of death before the service date.

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CO-14Sometimes worth appealing

The date of birth on file falls after the date of service.

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CO-206Sometimes worth appealing

A required National Provider Identifier is missing from the claim.

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CO-207Sometimes worth appealing

An NPI on the claim fails format or validity checks.

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CO-208Sometimes worth appealing

A valid NPI that does not match the payer's enrolment file.

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CO-125Sometimes worth appealing

A broad submission or billing error adjustment.

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CO-129Sometimes worth appealing

Prior payer information on the claim does not reconcile.

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CO-163Sometimes worth appealing

Documentation the payer required was not received.

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CO-251Sometimes worth appealing

Documentation arrived but did not contain what was required.

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CO-A1Sometimes worth appealing

A container adjustment that must carry a remark code.

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PR-29Sometimes worth appealing

A late-filed claim, with the balance assigned to the patient.

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CO-B4Sometimes worth appealing

Payment reduced under a late-filing penalty.

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CO-164Sometimes worth appealing

Supporting documentation missed the payer's response window.

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CO-226Sometimes worth appealing

Requested provider information was not supplied in time.

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OA-18Sometimes worth appealing

The claim or service is flagged as an exact duplicate.

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Credentialing

Patient responsibility

PR-1Not an appeal

Deductible amount — the patient's cost share, not a denial.

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PR-2Not an appeal

Coinsurance amount — the patient's cost share, not a denial.

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PR-3Not an appeal

Co-payment amount — the patient's fixed cost share, not a denial.

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PR-26Sometimes worth appealing

A pre-coverage service, with the balance assigned to the patient.

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PR-27Sometimes worth appealing

Coverage ended before the service; balance assigned to the patient.

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PR-177Sometimes worth appealing

An unmet eligibility condition, charged to the patient.

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PR-66Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

A blood deductible applied to the first units in a year.

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PR-85Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

An interest amount attributed to the patient.

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PR-201Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

Liability assigned under a set-aside arrangement.

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PR-229Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

A partial charge is not permitted for this bill type.

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PR-238Sometimes worth appealing

Payment reduced for the ineligible part of a date span.

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PR-241Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

The reduced copay for a member with a low-income subsidy.

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PR-247Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

A deductible on the professional service in a facility setting.

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PR-248Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

Coinsurance on the professional service in a facility setting.

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PR-275Rarely an appeal — usually a fix

The secondary will not cover the primary's patient responsibility.

Read the guide

Other ways to appeal

A denial code is one lens. Depending on what was denied, these angles often get you there faster:

Found your code? Build the appeal.

Upload a denied EOB and Merits returns the cited appeal for that exact code — the right argument, the governing source, and your plan's deadline — in about a minute.